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Yeast is not an organism; it is a lifestyle. Most people are familiar with baker’s yeast, a unicellular species that makes bread rise, ferments alcoholic beverages, and is used as a simple system for understanding cellular biology. But there are actually over 1,500 known species of yeast – a term that simply means single-celled fungi. Baker’s yeast falls into an important and extensively studied group of yeasts known as “budding yeasts” but there is another group of key yeast species called “fission yeasts.” And they are more like us than you might think.

Even though it was introduced more than fifty years ago as a treatment for bipolar disease lithium remains an enigma. It is one of the few medicines that retains its place as the main therapy for treating its targeted disease over the course of its lengthy life. But no one knows for sure how it works.