SplitFusion enables ultrasensitive gene fusion detection and reveals fusion variant-associated tumor heterogeneity.

Patterns (New York, N.Y.)
Authors
Keywords
Abstract

Gene fusions are common cancer drivers and therapeutic targets, but clinical-grade open-source bioinformatic tools are lacking. Here, we introduce a fusion detection method named SplitFusion, which is fast by leveraging Burrows-Wheeler Aligner-maximal exact match (BWA-MEM) split alignments, can detect cryptic splice-site fusions (e.g., v3b and ), call fusions involving highly repetitive gene partners (e.g., ), and infer frame-ness and exon-boundary alignments for functional prediction and minimizing false positives. Using 1,848 datasets of various sizes, SplitFusion demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity compared to three other tools. In 1,076 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer samples, SplitFusion identified novel fusions and revealed that variant 3 was associated with multiple fusion variants coexisting in the same tumor. Additionally, SplitFusion can call targeted splicing variants. Using data from 515 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples, SplitFusion showed the highest sensitivity and uncovered two cases of that were missed in previous studies. These capabilities make SplitFusion highly suitable for clinical applications and the study of fusion-defined tumor heterogeneity.

Year of Publication
2025
Journal
Patterns (New York, N.Y.)
Volume
6
Issue
2
Pages
101174
Date Published
02/2025
ISSN
2666-3899
DOI
10.1016/j.patter.2025.101174
PubMed ID
40041857
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