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AIM: Few psychosis screening instruments have been tested for use in Africa, yet appropriate tools can increase the detection of self-reported psychotic symptoms, improve the detection of psychosis and impact its prognosis.METHOD: The construct validity and factor structure of Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) were tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) in a sample of 1928 Ethiopian adults without any history of psychosis. We tested a unidimensional model with and without an item on mania. For IRT, unidimensional latent structure one-parameter logistic (1PL) and two-parameter (2PL) logistic models were tested and compared for relative fit using a likelihood-ratio test.RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The prevalence of lifetime positive screens was 2.8% in an Ethiopian sample of adults from a general medical setting. A unidimensional model demonstrated good fit for the PSQ, (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.986 and RMSEA = 0.025). For IRT, a 2PL model was the best fitting one. IRT tests of item difficulty and discrimination parameters showed that paranoia had the highest discrimination and lowest difficulty ( ), likely to be endorsed at low levels of psychotic features. Thought insertion had the highest item difficulty ( ). Overall, the measure captures the psychosis construct at higher levels of the latent trait and may be suited for detecting moderate to severe levels of psychosis.CONCLUSION: The PSQ is found to have good construct validity in screening for psychosis among Ethiopian adults. Future studies may focus on the diagnostic validity of the PSQ comparing it with a structured clinical interview.